The field of cancer immunotherapy continues to evolve rapidly. Recent research highlights the effectiveness of combination therapies, such as using tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy with checkpoint inhibitors like pembrolizumab, which has shown significant tumor reduction in metastatic gastrointestinal cancers (NIH, April 2025). Additionally, new studies are exploring ways to make immunotherapy effective for a broader range of tumors, including “cold” tumors (those not yet infiltrated by immune cells). Researchers at UCSF have shown that combining radiation, immunotherapy, and drugs blocking TGF-Beta signals can prime these cold tumors for successful treatment. Experts also forecast continued advancements in cancer vaccines and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) throughout 2025.